The Electron – EthnoPhysics

Outline

A Seed Model of the Electron

EthnoPhysics describes an electron by starting with a prototypical chain of events written as $\Psi \! \left( \mathsf{e^{-}} \right) \! = \! \left( \mathsf{\Omega}_{1}, \, \mathsf{\Omega}_{2}, \, \mathsf{\Omega}_{3} \; \ldots \right).$ Each repeated cycle $\mathsf{\Omega}$ is a bundle of 40 Anaxagorean sensations. To be exact, the sensations are eight right-side and twelve left-side lateral feelings; two burning, two freezing, two warm and two cool thermal perceptions; four yellow, four blue and four white visual sensations. This bundle of sensation is objectified as an electron.

Any Anaxagorean sensation may be objectified to define a seed. So to make a seed aggregate model for the electron we express $\mathsf{\Omega}$ as a bundle of 40 seeds. These seeds are symbolized by upper-case Roman letters; $\mathsf{D}$ notes a down-seed. $\mathsf{B}$ marks a bottom-seed, etc. Thus we represent the electron as

$\mathsf{\Omega} \! \left( \mathsf{e^{-}} \right) \leftrightarrow \mathrm{4} \mathsf{U} + \mathrm{2} \mathsf{B} + \mathrm{2} \mathsf{T} + \mathrm{2} \mathsf{S} + \mathrm{2} \mathsf{C} + \mathrm{4} \mathsf{G} + \mathrm{4} \mathsf{E} + \mathrm{8} \mathsf{O} + \mathrm{12} \overline{\mathsf{O}}$

A Quark Model of the Electron

Quarks are defined by pairs of seeds. So the seed-aggregate model of the proton is further developed by associating seeds in pairs to form the following quarks

→

An electron can then be represented by a bundle of twenty quarks. Here is a symbolic way of expressing the arrangement, along with an iconic image for the model

$\mathsf{\Omega} \! \left( \mathsf{e^{-}} \right) \leftrightarrow \mathrm{4}\overline{\mathsf{u}} + \mathrm{2}\overline{\mathsf{b}} + \mathrm{2}\mathsf{t} + \mathrm{2} \overline{\mathsf{s}} + \mathrm{2}\mathsf{c} + \mathrm{4} \overline{\mathsf{g}} + \mathrm{4}\mathsf{e}$

Using these quarks, the mass of the electron, written as $m_{\mathsf{e}} \hspace{0.5pt} ,$ is calculated to have exactly the same value as observed experimentally. This is because $m_{\mathsf{e}}$ presents an essential fact about the human environment. So it has been meticulously integrated into the EthnoPhysics description of human experience. Adjustable parameters like quark energies have been methodically selected to obtain accuracy.

The Core of an Electron

Quark coefficients are all integer multiples of two in the foregoing quark-model. And so the electron’s iconic image is drawn in two parts with a back row of quarks that are the same as the quarks in front. But we cannot have two identical quarks in the same bundle and still satisfy Pauli’s exclusion principle. So the model is developed further with an additional requirement that quarks on the front-side are out of phase with quarks from the back. This is noted by marking the phase of a quark using a subscript like $\mathsf{q_{\mdsmwhtcircle}}$ or $\mathsf{q_{\mdsmblkcircle}} \hspace{0.5pt} .$

Thus the front-side and back-side of the iconic image represent different phase components of the electron. And since quarks are matched one-to-one between sides, we say that these components have phase symmetry with each other.

To illustrate this new model, the iconic image of an electron can be made into a movie that uses shadows, horizons and background brightness to suggest a quark’s relationship with the frame-of-reference. Mathematically, phase-symmetry is symbolized using the letter $\mathcal{S}$ to note various phase-components. Thus an electron core is defined by these sets of quarks

$\mathsf{\Omega} \! \left( \mathsf{e^{-}} \right) \equiv \left\{ \mathcal{S}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \hspace{0.8pt} , \, \mathcal{S}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \rule{0px}{12px} \right\} \hspace{10px} \text{\sf{where}}$

$\mathcal{S}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \! \left( \mathsf{e^{-}} \right) \equiv \left\{ \, \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{t}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{s}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \left\{ \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{b}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \mathsf{c}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{14px} \right\}$

$\mathcal{S}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \! \left( \mathsf{e^{-}} \right) \equiv \left\{ \, \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{t}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{s}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \left\{ \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{b}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \mathsf{c}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{14px} \right\}$

This definition explicitly shows that all quarks are distinct. They can each be distinguished by their quark-type, their phase, or by association with other quarks in unique nested sets.

Electronic Charge

Here is another way of parsing the quarks in an electron. Recall that we have discussed a particle noted by – that is called the mesonic charge. Its lepton and baryon numbers are both zero. And it has a charge quantum number of $\scalebox{1.1}{\it{q}} \raisebox{1px}{(}$ – $\scalebox{1.2}{)} = -1 .$ It was defined by these quarks

– $\equiv \left\{ \mathcal{S}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \, , \; \mathcal{S}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \rule{0px}{12px} \right\} \; \; \; \text{\sf{where}}$

$\mathcal{S}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \! \left( \rule{0px}{10 px} \right.$ – $\left. \rule{0px}{10 px} \right) \equiv \left\{ \, \overline{\mathsf{b}}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{t}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{s}}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{c}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \rule{0px}{14px} \right\}$

$\mathcal{S}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \! \left( \rule{0px}{10 px} \right.$ – $\left. \rule{0px}{10 px} \right) \equiv \left\{ \, \overline{\mathsf{b}}_{\mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{t}_{\mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{s}}_{\mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{c}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \rule{0px}{14px} \right\}$

Also, remember the electronic roton written as $\textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}} \hspace{0.5pt} .$ This tiny field-quantum has an angular-momentum number of $\textsl{\textsf{J}} \! \left( \textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}} \right) \! = \! 1 \! /2$ and a lepton-number of $L \! \left( \textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}} \right) \! = \! 1 \hspace{0.5pt} .$ It was defined by

$\textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}} \equiv \left\{ \mathcal{S}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \, , \, \mathcal{S}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \rule{0px}{12px} \right\} \; \; \; \text{\sf{where}}$

$\mathcal{S}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \! \left( \textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}} \rule{0px}{10 px} \right) \equiv \left\{ \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \left\{ \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{ \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{12px} \right\}$

$\mathcal{S}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \! \left( \textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}} \rule{0px}{10 px} \right) \equiv \left\{ \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\mdsmwhtcircle}, \left\{ \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{ \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{12px} \right\}$

An inspection of the quarks in – and $\textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}}$ shows that they can be matched one-to-one with quarks in the definitive set $\mathsf{\Omega} ( \hspace{0.5pt} \mathsf{e^{-}} ) \hspace{0.5pt} .$ So electrons can be concisely described as the union of a mesonic charge –, with a rotating electric-field $\textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}}$

$\textsf{e}^{-}}$ $=$ {– $,$ $\textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}}$ }

The conjugate twin of an electron is called a positron and defined by

$\textsf{e}^{+}}$ $\equiv$ {– $,$ $\overline{ \textsf{\ding{115}} }_{\mathsf{E}}$ }

Electron Lifetime

The temperature of an electron is found from the average temperature of its component quarks to be 15.553 (K). This implies a calculated mean life of $4.6 \times 10^{49}$ (s), which is consistent with the observed¹S. Navas et al.(Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D110, 030001 (2024) and 2025 update. lower bound of ~ $10^{36}$ (s). So the electron has an extremely long lifetime. This gives it a starring role in narratives connecting cause and effect.

Rotating Electrons

Electrons have an angular-momentum quantum-number of $\textsl{\textsf{J}} \! \left( \mathsf{e}^{-} \right) \! = \! 1 \! /2 \hspace{0.5pt} .$ They are rotating. But the handedness of this rotation has not been specified in the foregoing discussion. So for logically complete descriptions, models are further developed by including some field-quanta called stereoisomers that are made out of stereochemical quarks. These tiny stereoisomers each have a distinct handedness that is then attributed to the electron. Thus the electron’s rotation can be described in three dimensions.

To be more exact, here is an elementary stereoisomer that is left-handed

S $\equiv \hspace{2px} \left\{ \, \overline{\mathbf{d}}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathbf{d}}_{ \mdsmwhtcircle}, \left\{ \overline{\mathbf{d}}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathbf{d}}_{ \mdsmwhtcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{14px} \right\}$

And here is its right-handed conjugate-twin

S $\equiv \left\{ \, \mathbf{d}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathbf{d}_{ \mdsmwhtcircle}, \left\{ \mathbf{d}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathbf{d}_{ \mdsmwhtcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{12px} \right\}$

The dextro quarks in these quanta are marked using $\mathbf{d}$ in a bold serified font. Please notice that this is different from $\mathsf{d}$ which was used earlier to symbolize down-quarks. There are also two stereoisomers made of levo quarks

Z $\equiv \left\{ \, \mathbf{l}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathbf{l}_{\mdsmwhtcircle}, \left\{ \mathbf{l}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathbf{l}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{12px} \right\}$

and

Z $\equiv \left\{ \, \overline{\mathbf{l}}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathbf{l}}_{ \mdsmwhtcircle}, \left\{ \overline{\mathbf{l}}_{\mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathbf{l}}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{14px} \right\}$

Stereoisomers have an internal-energy of about $10^{-7}$ (MeV) which is usually negligible. So levo-quarks and dextro-quarks are typically overlooked in most descriptions. But for detailed analysis we may note small variations in rotation using diacritical accents. Here are some rotating electrons

$\hat{\hspace{-1px} \textsf{\textit{e}}}^{-}$ $\equiv$ { $\textsf{\textit{e}}^{-} ,$ S}

$\acute{\hspace{-1px} \textsf{\textit{e}}}^{-}$ $\equiv$ { $\textsf{\textit{e}}^{-} ,$ S}

$\grave{\hspace{-1px} \textsf{\textit{e}}}^{-}$ $\equiv$ { $\textsf{\textit{e}}^{-} ,$ Z}

$\textsf{\textit{\H{e}}}^{\hspace{2px}-}$ $\equiv$ { $\textsf{\textit{e}}^{-} ,$ Z}

All stereoisomers are defined from four stereochemical-quarks. So models that use stereoisomers require at least 24 quarks. The table below shows quark-models for a limited assortment of rotating electrons. Some interesting variations that cannot satisfy the semantic selection-rule are marked with an ╳ .

These rotating electrons are characterized by their mass and their quantum numbers. The mass exhibits significant variation with the handedness and intrinsic parity. Calculated values have been compared with laboratory findings. All models of three-dimensional rotating electrons fall outside of experimental uncertainty for the observed²US National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg Maryland. CODATA 2010 Recommended values for the fundamental physical constants. Electron mass energy equivalent in MeV. mass

$m_{\mathsf{e}} \hspace{2px} = \hspace{2px} 0.510 \; 998 \; 928 \hspace{2px} \pm \hspace{2px} 0.000 \; 000 \; 011 \hspace{10px} \textsf{(MeV/c}^{2} \textsf{)}$

Inspection of the table shows that rotating electrons have enthalpy differences that can be noticed around the seventh decimal-place. They vary because elementary-stereoisomers and lefty stereoisomers have different internal energies. This is due to an inequality of about 20 milli electronvolts in the size of stereochemical quarks. Dextro-quarks are just a little bit bigger than levo-quarks.

Because of this size difference, models that contain 4 dextro-quarks always have the most-positive or the most-negative enthalpies compared to particles that contain dextro and levo mixtures. So we establish a size selection-rule by choosing³Note that this choice is not for the model having the smallest mass from within the limited assortment shown in the table. Such a choice would imply an odd intrinsic-parity for the electron. In principle, this parity could be even or odd. But, following custom, the size selection-rule yields electrons that have even intrinsic-parity. models that have the smallest absolute-value for their enthalpy H. Thus we recognize a preferred rotational-state as the left-handed even-parity electron $\hat{\hspace{-1px} \textsf{\textit{e}}}^{-}$ shown above.

Next steps: Errors in the mass calculations arise because adjustable parameters were set using the electron core instead of the currently preferred left-handed model. To remedy this we should update the models for all particles to completely represent their rotation in three-dimensions. Then all parameters should be readjusted. This would certainly fix the electrons, along with some other stubborn errors.⁴For example, it would surely correct the 𝞺(770)^± mesons if only because two new parameters would be introduced via the dextro and levo quark-temperatures.

Electron Ground-State

Here is a definition for our preferred model of an electron in its ground state. It is levorotatory, left-handed, and has even-parity. The sets below explicitly show that all the quarks in this electron are distinct. They can each be distinguished by their quark-type, their phase, or by association with other quarks in unique nested sets.

$\mathsf{\Omega} \! \left( \, \hat{\hspace{-1px} \textsf{\textit{e}}}^{-} \right) \equiv \left\{ \mathcal{S}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \hspace{0.8pt} , \, \mathcal{S}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \rule{0px}{12px} \right\} \hspace{10px} \text{\sf{where}}$

$\mathcal{S}_{\mdsmblkcircle} \! \left(\, \hat{\hspace{-1px} \textsf{\textit{e}}}^{-} \right) \equiv \left\{ \, \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{t}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{s}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathbf{d}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle} \left\{ \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{b}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \mathsf{c}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle}, \, \overline{\mathbf{d}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmblkcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{14px} \right\}$

$\mathcal{S}_{\mdsmwhtcircle} \! \left(\, \hat{\hspace{-1px} \textsf{\textit{e}}}^{-} \right) \equiv \left\{ \, \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{t}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{s}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathbf{d}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle} \left\{ \overline{\mathsf{u}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{e}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{g}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathsf{b}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \mathsf{c}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle}, \, \overline{\mathbf{d}}_{\hspace{0.8pt} \mdsmwhtcircle} \right\} \rule{0px}{14px} \right\}$

Some stereoisomers acquire leptonic characteristics by absorbing leptonic quarks. They are called leptonic stereoisomers. For example here is a left-handed electronic-stereoisomer

SE $\equiv$ {S $\raisebox{-2px}{,} \hspace{1px} \raisebox{-2px}{ \textsf{\ding{115}}_{\mathsf{E}} }$ }

This stereoisomer can be combined with a mesonic charge – to accurately represent a ground-state electron as

$\hat{\hspace{-1px} \textsf{\textit{e}}}^{-}$ $=$ {– $,$ SE}

Parity Violation

A close look at the foregoing table reveals that the size selection-rule favors left-handed electrons and right-handed positrons over their stereochemical twins. It therefore violates the notion of parity symmetry. So it also explains the experimentally observed⁵C. S. Wu, E. Ambler, R. W. Hayward, D. D. Hoppes, and R. P. Hudson. Experimental Test of Parity Conservation in Beta Decay Physical Review 105, February, 1957. bias in the distribution of electron handedness. For more detail, please see the discussion of neutrinos.

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References
1	S. Navas et al.(Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D110, 030001 (2024) and 2025 update.
2	US National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg Maryland. CODATA 2010 Recommended values for the fundamental physical constants. Electron mass energy equivalent in MeV.
3	Note that this choice is not for the model having the smallest mass from within the limited assortment shown in the table. Such a choice would imply an odd intrinsic-parity for the electron. In principle, this parity could be even or odd. But, following custom, the size selection-rule yields electrons that have even intrinsic-parity.
4	For example, it would surely correct the 𝞺(770)^± mesons if only because two new parameters would be introduced via the dextro and levo quark-temperatures.
5	C. S. Wu, E. Ambler, R. W. Hayward, D. D. Hoppes, and R. P. Hudson. Experimental Test of Parity Conservation in Beta Decay Physical Review 105, February, 1957.