Kaons • EthnoPhysics

Kaons are represented by this collage of seed icons.

Here are some quark models of kaons. All kaons are built-up around the heart of familial seeds shown on the left. Particles with a different angular momentum or charge are modeled by including various quarks around this common kernel. Then excited states are obtained by adding even more quarks. The kaons may share more quarks in addition to the familial pattern. But this nugget is the minimum necessary to distinguish the kaons from other particle families. Nuclear particles are classified on this basis. EthnoPhysics analyzes the mechanics of kaons using chains of events noted by $\Psi = ( \mathsf{\Omega}_{1}, \, \mathsf{\Omega}_{2}, \, \mathsf{\Omega}_{3} \; \ldots \; )$ where each repeated cycle $\mathsf{\Omega}$ is composed of the following quarks.

Quark models of kaons are shown in this spreadsheet screenshot.

The foregoing quark models completely specify the quantum numbers of kaons. The charge, angular momentum, baryon-number, lepton-number and strangeness are all correct. These models also produce accurate calculated values for the lifetime, width and mass. Results that fall outside of experimental uncertainty are noted with an X in all tables. There are just a handful of these errors from among hundreds of particles.

Particle Cores

Some highly excited states contain so many quarks that it may be difficult to see how the models work. So to view the underlying pattern, we remove most of the quark/anti-quark pairs. These $\mathsf{q \overline{q}}$ pairs are needed for stability. But the field of $\mathsf{q \overline{q}}$ pairs obscures the minimum number of quarks required to identify a particle and account for its mass. These minima are called core coefficients.

The quark coefficients of a particle’s core show more clearly how excited kaons are built-up over blocks of the same baryonic quarks. The mass depends on $\Delta n$ not $n$ . So $m$ is unchanged by any variation in the field of $\mathsf{q \overline{q}}$ pairs. A particle’s rest mass is completely determined by its core quarks.

Experimentally observed values are taken from this reference .

Sample Calculations for Kaons

Here is a spreadsheet that shows a step-by-step calculation for a specific kaon. For more detail about cell contents and formulae, you can see a read-only, on-line version by clicking the icon in the black bar at the bottom of the sheet. To get a copy of the spreadsheet click the download link at the bottom of this page. Then you can enter other quark-coefficients in the yellow cells to assess other particle models.

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