Whiteness is a number that describes any vision, sight or ocular experience that could loosely be described as greyish or achromatic . Words like grey, black, white, dark, bright, silvery, taupe, leaden, ecru, ashen, beige, pale etc. are used to convey greyish impressions. The reference experience for achromatic sensation is seeing the Sun. So to make a binary description of a greyish visual sensation compare it to the Sun. Report the result using one of the following algebraic statements.
If the two experiences are not comparable, then say that the sensation is not an achromatic visual sensation and express this as If the sensation is like seeing the Sun, then say that it is white. Express this as
If not, then say that it is black and that
The number
is called the whiteness. These definitions are expressed mathematically by
Reference Constant for Whiteness
The numerical constant associated with the Sun is called the mean internal energy of down quarks. It is symbolized by and has a value of
For more about how this number is used, please see the discussion of fine-structure in the hydrogen spectrum.